| Term | Definition |
|---|
| CVE | Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures — a public catalog of known security flaws. |
| Firewall | A system that monitors and filters incoming/outgoing network traffic. |
| IDS/IPS | Intrusion Detection/Prevention System — detects or blocks malicious traffic. |
| MFA | Multi-Factor Authentication — requires two or more verification methods. |
| Penetration Testing | Authorized simulated attack to evaluate system security. |
| SIEM | Security Information and Event Management — aggregates and analyzes security logs. |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network — encrypts traffic over a public network. |
| Zero Trust | Security model that never implicitly trusts any user or device. |